What is Water Hammer? Causes, Effects, and Prevention Methods

What is Water Hammer?

Water hammer is a strong pressure surge that occurs when there is a sudden change in the velocity of a fluid within a pipeline. This hydraulic shock can cause loud vibrations in the system, leading to pipe cracks, broken connections, and damage to pumps or motors.

Such pressure fluctuations are typically caused by the sudden stoppage of a pump motor, the rapid closing of a valve or check valve, or abrupt pressure changes within the pipeline. To minimize the effects of water hammer, protective measures should be implemented in the piping system design. Installing surge absorbers, air chambers, gradually closing valves, and properly selected check valves can help prevent potential damage.

Water hammer not only causes mechanical failure but also results in energy loss and reduced system efficiency. Therefore, in systems that transport high-pressure fluids, preventive engineering solutions are crucial to ensuring safe and efficient operation.